Aim: to systematize and comprehensively analyze modern scientific data on genetic factors that influence the occurrence and progression of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea in adults, as well as to critically evaluate diagnostic and treatment considering hereditary predisposition to develop personalized approaches to patient management. Object and methods of research. An analysis of scientific publications for 2019–2024 was performed using international (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) and domestic scientometric databases. Results. Five main genetically determined pathogenetic mechanisms of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea development were identified: features of the structure of the respiratory tract, disorders of neuromuscular regulation, anomalies of the maxillofacial complex, predisposition to obesity, and chronic ENT diseases. Key genes (TBX5, PAX9, COL2A1, ELN, COL3A1, FTO, MC4R, IL13, HLA-DQ, CLOCK, PER2) were identified, polymorphisms of which are associated with an increased risk of developing these disorders. Modern diagnostic approaches considering genetic testing were systematized, and an algorithm for personalized treatment was developed depending on the patient’s genetic profile. Conclusion. Genetic factors play a decisive role in the pathogenesis of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea through multiple mechanisms of influence. The introduction of genetic testing into clinical practice makes it possible to stratify patients by risk groups, optimize diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, and significantly increase the effectiveness of treatment.