The aim of the study is to conduct a systematic analysis of modern approaches to diagnosis and treatment of hypertrophic synovial folds of the knee joint based on literature review. Materials and methods. The paper uses the following research methods: systematic theoretical analysis of scientific literature in the direction of research for the period 2013–2024 in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar databases; statistical methods for analyzing literature data. The research is based on the methods of comparative analysis and classification. Results. It was found that the symptoms of pathological synovial fold syndrome are pain in the knee joint, which increases with exercise. Conservative treatment of pathological synovial fold syndrome of the knee joint is the main method at the initial stages and can be carried out in primary health care institutions. If clinical symptoms do not disappear after 3–6 months of conservative treatment, arthroscopic excision of the medial patellar fold is used. Conclusion. Clinical examination for hypertrophy of the synovial fold of the knee joint should be based on certain indicators of sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests. Magnetic resonance imaging is the most sensitive non-invasive method for hypertrophy of the synovial fold of the knee joint and should be based on morphological, anatomical and clinical approaches, as well as the results of the proposed triangle method.