Biomarkers after traumatic brain injury in the context of motor prognosis

Traumatic brain injury remains a leading cause of persistent disability and long-term neurological deficit. Early prediction of motor function recovery is one of the most challenging tasks for clinicians, determining the subsequent rehabilitation strategy. Recently, biomarkers have attracted significant attention as potential tools for objective prognosis. Objective: to summarize current data on the diagnostic and prognostic value of biological (blood, CSF) and instrumental biomarkers after traumatic brain injury, focusing on their role in predicting motor recovery. Results. The role of biochemical markers (NfL, GFAP, UCH-L1, Tau, S100B, BDNF) and instrumental methods (diffusion tensor MRI, transcranial magnetic stimulation) was analyzed. It is shown that most biochemical markers reflect the general severity of the injury but lack sufficient specificity for predicting motor functions specifically. In contrast, instrumental methods assessing the integrity of the corticospinal tract demonstrate higher prognostic value but require standardization. Conclusion. At the current stage, no single biomarker has sufficient evidence base for routine individual prognosis. Their use should be considered primarily in a research context and in conjunction with clinical scales.

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