Modern views on the diagnosis of myasthenia

Myasthenia is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by pathological muscle fatigability and weakness. This article reviews the key pathogenic mechanisms of the disease, particularly the role of autoantibodies against AChR, MuSK, LRP4, and other targets in disrupting neuromuscular transmission. The authors emphasize the importance of immunological stratification of patients for therapy selection and disease course prediction. The clinical classification according to MGFA is presented, along with the main diagnostic methods: clinical evaluation, pharmacological testing, electrophysiological studies (EMG, SFEMG), immunological laboratory diagnostics (RIA, ELISA, CBA, immunoblot), and the role of neuroimaging in detecting associated thymoma. The article also highlights the potential of novel immunological markers in complex and atypical cases. A comprehensive multidisciplinary approach is emphasized as essential for accurate diagnosis and effective management of patients with myasthenia.

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