Lyme disease: a comprehensive view of the problem

The article considers the problem of the spread, diagnosis and treatment of Lyme disease. Given the incidence and prevalence, the severity of the clinical course, Lyme disease is one of the most urgent problems of modern infectious pathology in North America, Asia and many European countries, including Ukraine. Lyme disease is a transmissible infectious disease characterized by damage to the skin, nervous system, cardiovascular system and musculoskeletal system.

The aim of the work is to analyze modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of the disease at different stages of its development. The characteristic clinical manifestations, features of laboratory diagnostics and the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy are described. The results indicate the importance of early diagnosis to prevent chronic forms of the disease. The data obtained can be used in clinical practice to improve the effectiveness of treatment of patients with suspected Lyme disease.

References

1. Бронова І.М., Бондаренко Г.М., Майстат Т.В. та ін. (2024) Хвороба Лайма: сучасне уявлення про клініку, діагностику, лікування та профілактику, ілюстроване клінічними випадками. Дерматологія та венерологія., 4: 7–12. DOI: 10.33743/2308-1066-2024-3-7-12.
2. Козловська А. (2020) Лайм-бореліоз: сучасний алгоритм діагностики, лікування та профілактики. Укр. мед. часопис, 6 квітня. umj.com.ua/uk/publikatsia-174194-lajm-borelioz-suchasnij-algoritm-diagnostiki-likuvannya-ta-profilaktiki.
3. МОЗ України (2024) Хвороба Лайма. Клінічна настанова, заснована на доказах. 54 с.
4. hromadske.ua/zdorovya/245069-v-ukrayini-zafiksuvaly-ponad-330-vypadkiv-zakhvoriuvannia-na-borelioz-za-try-misiatsi-2025-roku.
5. Talbot N.C., Spillers N.J., Luther P. et al. (2023) Lyme disease and post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome: current and developing treatment options. Cureus, 15(8). DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43112.
6. DeLong A., Mayla H., Harriet K. (2019) Estimation of cumulative number of post-treatment Lyme disease cases in the US, 2016 and 2020. BMC Public Health, 19(2019): 1–8. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6681-9.
7. Dersch R., Gabriel T., Sebastian R. (2024) Treatment of post‐treatment Lyme disease symptoms — a systematic review. Eur. J. Neurol., 31(7): e16293. DOI: 10.1111/ene.16293.
8. Masséglia S., René-Martellet M., Rates M. et al. (2024) Development and Validation of a multi-target TaqMan qPCR method for detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. J. Microbiol. Methods, 222: 106941. DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2024.106941.
9. Grąźlewska W., Holec-Gąsior L. (2023) Antibody cross-reactivity in serodiagnosis of lyme disease. Antibodies, 12(4): 63. DOI: 10.3390/antib12040063.
10. Wormser G.P., Schriefer M., Aguero-Rosenfeld M.E. et al. (2013) Single-tier testing with the C6 peptide ELISA kit compared with two-tier testing for Lyme disease. Diagnost. Microbiol. Inf. Dis., 75(1): 9–15. DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.09.003.
11. Pietikäinen A., Backman I., Henningsson A.J., Hytönen J. (2022) Clinical performance and analytical accuracy of a C6 peptide-based point-of-care lateral flow immunoassay in Lyme borreliosis serology. Diagnost. Microbiol. Inf. Dis., 103(1): 115657. DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2022.115657.
12. Nik Kamarudin N.A.A., Mawang C.I., Ahamad M. (2023) Direct detection of Lyme Borrelia: recent advancement and use of aptamer technology. Biomedicines, 11(10): 2818. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102818.
13. Valneva SE press release (2024) VLA15 Phase 3 Results.