Risk Analysis of Secondary Epilepsy in Patients with Acute Cerebrovascular Accident

The development of secondary epilepsy is associated with an increased risk of mortality, deterioration of the general condition of patients and prolonged hospitalisation. The main risk factors for post-stroke epilepsy are acute symptomatic seizures, cortical lesions, stroke severity (more than 8 points on the NIHSS scale), stroke aetiology and patient age. Comorbidities, such as atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia, also play an important role, although this relationship needs further study. Promising areas of research include the identification of biomarkers that can help predict the risk of developing post-stroke epilepsy and provide an individualised approach to prevention. Particular attention is drawn to circulating microRNAs that play a key role in the regulation of synaptic plasticity and neuroinflammatory processes, as well as electroencephalographic and neuroimaging markers. Studies of serological biomarkers, such as endostatin, S100B and Hsp70 proteins, and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), show promise in predicting the risk of developing paroxysms. Further research in this area may contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies and the improvement of models for predicting the risk of post-stroke epilepsy in patients after acute cerebrovascular accidents.

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