Musculoskeletal trauma. Emergency care at the pre-hospital stage (lecture)

In the current conditions of Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, 75% of the victims on the battlefield suffer musculoskeletal injuries, including fractures, dislocations, open wounds, amputations, neurovascular injuries, sprains and strains, stuck objects, and compression injuries. They can lead to disability and sometimes pose a life threat. Hemorrhagic shock is a potential danger in case of serious musculoskeletal injuries. Lacerations of arteries or fractures of the pelvis or femur can cause significant bleeding. Bleeding is more likely to be internal and may not be detected on physical examination until enough blood has been lost and the patient shows signs and symptoms of shock.