A clinical case of Kleine — Levin syndrome: what to do? | Ukrainian Medical Journal

The actual clinical observation of a case of Kleine — Levin syndrome in a young man is presented. The course of the disease, clinical symptoms, diagnostic measures and treatment tactics are described in detail.

References

1. Ramdurg S. (2010) Kleine — Levin syndrome: Etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Ann. Indian. Acad. Neurol., 13(4): 241–246. doi: 10.4103/0972-2327.74185.
2. Huang Y.S., Arnulf I. (2015) The Kleine — Levin Syndrome. Sleep Med. Clin., 10(2): 151–161. doi: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2015.02.001.
3. Katz J.D., Ropper A.H. (2002) Familial Kleine-Levin syndrome: Two siblings with unusually long hypersomnic spells. Arch. Neurol., 59: 1959–1961. DOI: 10.1001/archneur.59.12.1959.
4. Kleine W. (1925) Periodische schlafsucht. Monats Psychiatr. Neurol., 57: 285–320.
5. Levin M. (1936) Periodic somnolence and morbid hunger: A new syndrome. Brain, 59: 494–504.
6. Pizza F., Filardi M., Moresco M. et al. (2020) Excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy and central nervous system hypersomniasм. Sleep Breath, 24(2): 605–614. doi: 10.1007/s11325-019-01867-7.
7. Mogavero M.P., DelRosso L.M., Bruni O., Salem M. (2023) Genetics and epigenetics of rare hypersomnia. Trends in Genetics. DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2023.02.003.
8. AlShareef S.M., Smith R.M., BaHammam A.S. (2018) Kleine-Levin syndrome: clues to aetiology. Sleep Breath, 22(3): 613–623. doi: 10.1007/s11325-017-1617-z.
9. Nasrullah A., Javed A., Ashraf O., Malikb Kh. (2021) Possible role of COVID-19 in the relapse of Klein-Levin Syndrome. Respir. Med. Case Rep., p. 33. doi: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2021.101445.
10. Marčić M., Marčić L., Marčić B. (2021) SARS-CoV-2 Infection Causes Relapse of Kleine-Levin Syndrome: Case Report and Review of Literature. Neurol. Int., 13(3): 328–334. doi: 10.3390/neurolint13030033.
11. Poryazova R., Schnepf B., Boesiger P., Bassetti C.L. (2007) Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in a patient with Kleine — Levin syndrome. J. Neurol., 254(10): 1445–1446. doi: 10.1007/s00415-007-0531-x.
12. Engström M., Karlsson T., Landtblom A.M. (2014) Thalamic activation in the Kleine — Levin syndrome. Sleep, 37(2): 379–387. doi: 10.5665/sleep.3420.
13. Kas A., Lavault S., Habert M.O., Arnulf I. (2014) Feeling unreal: a functional imaging study in 41 patients with Kleine — Levin syndrome. Brain, 1377(7): 2077–87. doi: 10.1093/brain/awu112.
14. Koerber R.K., Torkelson R., Haven G. et al. (1984) Increased cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in Kleine — Levin syndrome. Neurology, 34: 1597–1600. DOI: 10.1212/wnl.34.12.1597.
15. Huang Y.S., Lin Y.H., Guilleminault C. (2009) Polysomnography in Kleine — Levin syndrome. Neurology, 70: 795–801. DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000304133.00875.2b.
16. Engström M. (2013) Neuroimaging of Sleep and Sleep Disorders. Cambridge University Press, pp. 240–245. doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139088268.032.
17. Arnulf I., Lin L., Gadoth N. et al. (2008) Kleine — Levin Syndrome: A Systematic Study of 108 Patients. Ann. Neurol., 63: 482–492. doi: 10.1002/ana.21333.
18. Bruni O. (2023) Approach to a sleepy child: Diagnosis and treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness in children and adolescents. Eur. J. Paediatr. Neurol., 42: 97–109. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2022.12.009.
19. Al Suwayri S.M., BaHammam A.S. (2017) The «known unknowns» of Kleine — Levin syndrome: a review and future prospects. Sleep Med. Clin., 12(3): 345–358. doi: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2017.03.012.
20. Léotard A., Groos E., Chaumereuil Ch., Peter-Derex L. (2018) IV steroids during long episodes of Kleine-Levin syndrome. Neurology, 90(17): e1488–e1492. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000005349.