Periprosthetic infection: current concepts and perspectives | Ukrainian Medical Journal

Periprosthetic infection is one of the most difficult complications after total joint arthroplasty, requiring complex multidisciplinary treatment strategies. Currently, there is no «gold standard» for the diagnosis and treatment of periprosthetic infection, which complicates the management of patients, including the distinction between septic and aseptic lesions. The lack of clear recommendations has led to the fact that today in the trauma community there is a number of controversies regarding the most optimal management tactics for this group of patients. The search for current data on the management of patients with periprosthetic infection is an urgent task.

References

1. Lambova S.N. (2023) Knee Osteoarthritis—How Close Are We to Disease-Modifying Treatment: Emphasis on Metabolic Type Knee Osteoarthritis. Life 2023, 13(1): 140. doi.org/10.3390/life13010140.
2. Корж М.О., Філіпенко В.А., Танькут В.О. (2012) Сучасний стан проблеми ендопротезування суглобів в Україні. Нов. мед. фармац., 11(421).
3. Bozic K.J., Kurtz S.M., Lau E. et al. (2010) The epidemiology of revision total knee arthroplasty in the United States. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., 468: 45–51.
4. Kurtz S.M., Lau E., Watson H. et al. (2008) Economic Burden of periprostheticjoint infection in the United States. J. Arthroplasty, 23: 984–991.
5. Springer B.D., Cahue S., Etkin C.D. et al. (2017) Infection burden in total hip and knee arthroplasties: an international registry-based perspective. Arthroplast. Today, 3(2): 137–140. doi: 10.1016/j.artd.2017.05.003.
6. Bourne R.B., Maloney W.J., Wright J.G. (2004) An AOA critical issue. The outcome of the outcomes movement. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., 86(3): 633–640. doi: 10.2106/00004623-200403000-00026.
7. Yoon P.W., Lee Y.K., Ahn J. et al. (2014) Epidemiology of hip replacements in Korea from 2007 to 2011. J. Korean Med. Sci., 29(6): 852–858. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2014.29.6.852.
8. Postler A., Lützner C., Beyer F. et al. (2018) Analysis of Total Knee Arthroplasty revision causes. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 19(1): 55. doi: 10.1186/s12891-018-1977-y.
9. aoanjrr.sahmri.com/annual-reports-2020.
10. Klug A., Gramlich Y., Rudert M. et al. (2021) The projected volume of primary and revision total knee arthroplasty will place an immense burden on future health care systems over the next 30 years. Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc., 29(10): 3287–3298. doi: 10.1007/s00167-020-06154-7.
11. Davidson D.J., Spratt D., Liddle A.D. (2019) Implant materials and prosthetic joint infection: the battle with the biofilm. EFORT Open Rev., 4(11): 633–639. doi: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180095.
12. Van Belleghem J.D., Manasherob R., Miedzybrodzki R. et al. (2020) The Rationale for Using Bacteriophage to Treat and Prevent Periprosthetic Joint Infections. Front Microbiol., 11: 591021. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.591021.
13. Gallo J., Kolar M., Novotny R. et al. (2003) Pathogenesis of prosthesis-related infection. Biomed. Pap. Med. Fac. Univ. Palacky Olomouc. Czech. Repub.,147: 27–35.
14. Costerton J.W., Montanaro L., Arciola C.R. (2005) Biofilm in implant infections: Its production and regulation. Int. J. Artif. Organs, 28: 1062–1068.
15. Ellington J.K., Reilly S.S., Ramp W.K. et al. (1999) Mechanisms of Staphylococcus aureus invasion of cultured osteoblasts. Microb. Pathog., 26: 317–323.
16. Patel R. (2023) Periprosthetic Joint Infection. N. Engl. J. Med., 388: 251–262. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra2203477.
17. Jevon M., Guo C., Ma B. et al. (1999) Mechanisms of internalization of Staphylococcus aureus by cultured human osteoblasts. Infect. Immun., 67: 2677–2681.
18. Tai D.B.G., Patel R., Abdel M.P. et al. (2022) Microbiology of hip and knee periprosthetic joint infections: a database study. Clin. Microbiol. Infect., 28: 255–259.
19. Parvizi J., Gehrke T., Chen A.F. (2013) Proceedings of the International Consensus on Periprosthetic Joint Infection. Bone Joint J., 95-B(11): 1450–1452. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.95B11.33135.
20. Schwarz E.M., Parvizi J., Gehrke T. et al. (2019) 2018 International Consensus Meeting on pMusculoskeletal Infection: Research Priorities from the General Assembly Questions. J. Orthop. Res., 37(5): 997–1006. doi: 10.1002/jor.24293.
21. Sousa R., Ribau A., Alfaro P. et al. (2023) The European Bone and Joint Infection Society definition of periprosthetic joint infection is meaningful in clinical practice: a multicentric validation study with comparison with previous definitions. Acta Orthop., 94: 8–18. doi: 10.2340/17453674.2023.5670.
22. McNally M., Sousa R., Wouthuyzen-Bakker M. et al. (2021) The EBJIS definition of periprosthetic joint infection. Bone Joint J., 103-B(1): 18–25. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.103B1.BJJ-2020-1381.R1.
23. Premkumar A., Kolin D.A., Farley K.X. et al. (2021) Projected economic burden of periprosthetic joint infection of the hip and knee in the United States. J. Arthroplasty, 36(5): 1484–1489.
24. Wang Q., Goswami K., Kuo F.C. et al. (2019) Two-Stage Exchange Arthroplasty for Periprosthetic Joint Infection: The Rate and Reason for the Attrition After the First Stage. J. Arthroplasty, 34(11): 2749–2756. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2019.06.021.
25. Della Valle C., Parvizi J., Bauer T.W. et al. (2010) American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.Diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infections of the hip and knee. J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg., 18: 760–770.
26. Berbari E.F., Marculescu C., Sia I. et al. (2007) Culture-negative prosthetic joint infection. Clin. Infect. Dis., 45: 1113–1119.
27. Larsen L.H., Lange J., Xu Y. et al. (2012) Optimizing culture methods for diagnosis of prosthetic joint infections: A summary of modifications and improvements reported since 1995. J. Med. Microbiol., 61(Pt. 3): 309–316.
28. Berbari E., Mabry T., Tsaras G. et al. (2010) Inflammatory blood laboratory levels as markers of prosthetic joint infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., 92: 2102–2109.
29. Kim H.S., Park J.W., Moon S.Y. et al. (2020) Current and future burden of periprosthetic joint infection from national claim database. J. Korean Med. Sci., 35(49): e410–e410.
30. Parvizi J., Jacovides C., Antoci V. et al. (2011) Diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection: The utility of a simple yet unappreciated enzyme. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., 93: 2242–2248.
31. Wetters N.G., Berend K.R., Lombardi A.V. et al. (2012) Leukocyte esterase reagent strips for the rapid diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection. J. Arthroplasty, 27: 8–11.
32. Deirmengian C., Hallab N., Tarabishy A. et al. (2010) Synovial fluid biomarkers for periprosthetic infection. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., 468: 2017–2023.
33. Parvizi J., McKenzie J.C., Cashman J.P. (2012) Diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection using synovial C-reactive protein. J. Arthroplasty, 27: 12–16.
34. Kelly M.P., Darrith B., Hannon C.P. et al. (2018) Synovial Fluid Alpha-Defensin Is an Adjunctive Tool in the Equivocal Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection. J. Arthroplasty, 33(11): 3537–3540. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2018.06.026.
35. Wyatt M.C., Beswick A.D., Kunutsor S.K. et al. (2016) The Alpha-Defensin Immunoassay and Leukocyte Esterase Colorimetric Strip Test for the Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., 98(12): 992–1000. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.15.01142.
36. Bonanzinga T., Zahar A., Dütsch M. et al. (2017) How Reliable Is the Alpha-defensin Immunoassay Test for Diagnosing Periprosthetic Joint Infection? A Prospective Study. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., 475(2): 408–415. doi: 10.1007/s11999-016-4906-0.
37. Insall J.N., Thompson F.M., Brause B.D. (1983) Two-stage reimplantation for the salvage of infected total knee arthroplasty. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., 65: 1087–1098.
38. Fitzgerald S.J., Hanssen A.D. (2012) Surgical Techniques for Staged Revision of the Chronically Infected Total Knee Arthroplasty. Surg. TechnolInt., XXI: 204–211.
39. Hofmann A.A., Goldberg T., Tanner A.M. et al. (2005) Treatment of infected total knee arthroplasty using an articulating spacer: 2- to 12-year experience. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., 430: 125–131.