Current understanding of the biological and mechanical predictors of the formation of ankle osteoarthritis | Ukrainian Medical Journal

Osteoarthritis is a pathological condition characterized by chronic progressive degenerative-dystrophic changes in all components of the joint — cartilage, subchondral bone, synovial membrane, ligaments, capsule, periarticular tissues. In recent years, more and more differences in the course of the disease have been noted depending on the localization of the degenerative-dystrophic process. The article analyzes the data of modern literature regarding the understanding of biological and mechanical predictors of the formation of ankle osteoarthritis. Despite the biomechanical prerequisites and the high frequency of joint injuries, clinically significant ankle osteoarthritis is less common than knee or hip osteoarthritis, that is obviously related to the anatomical, biochemical, and biomolecular features of the joint structure. In contrast to knee or hip osteoarthritis, which are widely researched, scientific works on the study of ankle osteoarthrosis are scarce. As a result of the analysis, specific differences in the etiopathogenesis of ankle osteoarthritis are followed, compared to the mechanisms of disease development in the knee and hip. Despite the high frequency of the traumatic genesis of the disease, the importance of the influence of other factors should not be overlooked. The identification of molecular and cellular pathogenetic mechanisms specific for ankle osteoarthritis requires further research, which will allow us to expand understanding of the mechanisms of disease formation, to develop prophylactic methods of prevention of progression.

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