The influence of the Western diet on the development of atherosclerosis | Ukrainian Medical Journal

To determine the cause-and-effect relationship between Western diet long-term adherence and atherosclerosis (AS) development. Diet is a leading lifestyle characteristic. Healthy diet violation is an important etiological factor in the most chronic diseases, including AS. AS is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the walls of arteries and characterized by the progressive accumulation of lipids and inflammatory cells under the large arteries intima. At present, much attention is paid to the factors of cardiometabolic risk of occurrence and progression of AS as a polyetiological disease, especially in unhealthy lifestyles, including eating disorders. Today the Western diet (also called meat–sweet) is one of the leading dietary patterns in developed and some developing countries. The pathogenetic effect of such a diet is explained by its effect directly on the state of the intestinal microbiome and the imbalance of macro- and micronutrients. First, long-term adherence to the Western diet leads to the development of intestinal dysbiosis by increasing the content of gram-negative microorganisms, opportunistic pathogens. In addition, this diet is characterized by excessive consumption of saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, simple sugars, refiners, ω-6 fatty acids, sodium, gluten and insufficient content of some vitamins and trace elements, namely vitamins A, D, B₁₂ and K₂, magnesium, chromium, polyunsaturated fatty acids, etc. It has been shown that dietary changes can reduce the risk of cardiovascular events by approximately 80%. It is especially important for everyone in modern conditions to follow the principles of healthy eating to prevent AS.

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