Role of risk factors in the development of cognitive impairment in hypertensive patients | Ukrainian Medical Journal

The aim — to analyze the state of cognitive functions in hypertensive patients and evaluate the role of risk factors in their occurrence. Object and methods of research. We examined 90 patients with hypertension stage 1–2 (mean age 49.66±8.74 years). All patients underwent clinical and anamnestic examination, laboratory and instrumental investigation were used. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to objectify cognitive impairment. Results. All patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence of cognitive impairment (MMSE ≤26 and >26 points). Cognitive disorders were found in 36 (40%) patients. The most severe inverse correlation was established between the MMSE index and high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r=–0.72; p=0.001). Risk factors that negatively affect cognitive function also turned out to be the age of the patients (r=–0.52; p=0.001), duration of hypertension (r=–0.65; p=0.001), increased body mass index (r=–0.45; p=0.001), smoking (r=–0.32; p=0.001) and male gender (r=–0.22; p=0.03). Conclusions. Timely diagnosis of cognitive impairment, detection and correction of risk factors are very important and will improve cognitive status and prevent dementia.

References:

Ostroumova O.D., Smolyarchuk E.A., Polikarpova O. (2010) The brain as a target organ of arterial hypertension. Farmateka, 20: 48–53.
De La Sierra A., Salamero M., Sobrino J. et al. (2004) Silent cerebral white matter lesions and cognitive function in middle-aged essential hypertensive patients. Am. J. Hypertens., 17: 529–534.
Emdin C.A., Rothwell P.M., Salimi-Khorshidi G. et al. (2016) Blood pressure and risk of vascular dementia: evidence from a primary care registry and a cohort study of transient ischemic attack and stroke. Stroke, 47: 1429–1435.
Larrieu S., Letenneur L., Orgogozo J.M. (2002) Incidence and outcome of mild cognitive impairment in a population-based prospective cohort. Neurology, 59: 594–599.
Levi Marpillat N., Macquin-Mavier I., Tropeano A.I. et al. (2013) Antihypertensive classes, cognitive decline and incidence of dementia: a network meta-analysis. J. Hypertens., 31(6): 1073–1082.
Mach F., Baigent C., Catapano A.L. et al. (2019) 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk: The Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). Eur. Heart J., ehz455 (https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz455).
Ninomiya T., Ohara T., Hirakawa Y. et al. (2011) Midlife and late-life blood pressure and dementia in Japanese elderly: the Hisayama study. Hypertension, 58(1): 22–28.
WHO (2017) Dementia: fact sheet (https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dementia).
WHO (2018) Obesity and overweight (https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight).