The article presents data on epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostics, and also approaches to the treatment of patients with epilepsy, migraine, essential tremor, as one of the most common neurological diseases. The results of the researches which suggest a clinical improvement in these states on a background of topiramat administration are described. The possibilities and recommended doses of the drug in treatment of epilepsy in adults and children, in prevention of migraine attacks in adults and in treatment of essential tremor are shown.