Was Hector Berlioz an opiate addict?

March 13, 2018
1379
Specialities :
Resume

The article is devoted to the study of the circumstances of life, illness and creativity of the famous French composer Hector Berlioz in aspects of possible influence of opium intake. For the purpose of retrospective diagnostics of opium addiction, and also for assessing the possibility of its impact to the composer’s creativity, a pathographic analysis of publications about H. Berlioz’s health throughout his life was carried out. The study of the autobiography, the work of contemporary biographers and also the analytical studies of specialists in retrospective diagnostics showed that H. Berlioz, from his student years, periodically took opium in therapeutic doses as an analgesic and hypnotic drug. Opium addiction was formed only in last 10–15 years of his life against the background of the gastrointestinal desease with the pain syndrome. However, the works written at this time were created during the remission of the disease, and therefore they do not bear any signs of the effect of taking opium.

V.I. Berezutsky, M.S. Berezutskaya

Key words: opium addiction, Hector Berlioz.

Published: 14.03.2018

References:

  • Berlioz G. (1896) Memuaryi. A. Ossovskiy (per. s fr.). Izdanie Nik. Findeyzena, Sankt-Peterburg, 506 s.
  • Agarwal S. (2013) In the Arms of Paracelsus: Supernal Literary Eruption under the Influence of Infernal Laudanum. Рoints of view, XX(1): 48–60.
  • Altenmüller D.M. (2015) Hector Berlioz and his Vesuvius: an analysis of historical evidence from an epileptological perspective. Progress in brain research, 216: 167–196.
  • Bennett J. (1884) Hector Berlioz. Ewer and co, London, 140 р.
  • Berlioz H., Bernard D., Gounod C., d’Ortigue J. (1882) Life and letters of Berlioz. Translated by Dunstan H., Remington and Co, London, 652 p.
  • Berlioz H., Hallays A. (1903) Les musiciens et la musique. Calmann-Lévy, Paris, 442 p.
  • Berlioz H., Holmes R.S., Holmes E. (1884) Autobiography of Hector Berlioz, member of the Institute of France, from 1803 to 1865. Comprising his travels in Italy, Germany, Russia, and England. Macmillan, London, 448 p.
  • Berlioz L.J. (1816) Mémoires sur les maladies chroniques, les évacuations sanguines et l’acupuncture. Croullebois, Librarie rue des Matirins, Paris, 484 p.
  • Bloom P.A. (1989) Berlioz in the year of the symphonie fantastique. J. Mus. Res., 9(2–3): 67–88.
  • Boschot А. (1906) La jeunesse d’un romantique: Hector Berlioz, 1803–1831 d’après de nombreux… Plon, Paris, 582 p.
  • Breitenfeld D., Breitenfeld T., Buljan D. et al. (2013) Diseases and Destinies of Famous Composers Why should one even write about composers’ diseases? Alcohol. Psychiatr. Res., 49(1): 55–60.
  • Breitenfeld D., Kristofic B., Breitenfeld T. et al. (2014) Fatal diseases of composers due to tobacco smoking and other addictions. Alc. Psychiatr. Res., 50(2): 139–153.
  • Breitenfeld D., Pulanić R., Pap M. et al. (2017) Digestive diseases of 80 composers (addictions included). Alc. Psychiatr. Res., 53(2): 55–64.
  • Breitenfeld D., Thaller V., Bergovec M. et al. (2005) Hector Berlioz (1803–1869) — Pathography. Alcoholism, 41: 59–62.
  • Breitenfeld T., Breitenfeld D., Pap M. et al. (2015) Anxieties and Depression Disorders in Composers’. Alcoholism and psychiatry research. J. Psychiatr. Res. Ad., 51(2): 151–168.
  • Breitenfeld T., Vodanović M., Nogalo B. et al. (2012) Suicides and attempts of suicide among the great composers. Alcoholism. J. Alc. Rel. Addict., 48(1): 41–49.
  • Brittan F. (2006) Berlioz and the pathological fantastic: melancholy, monomania, and romantic autobiography. 19th-Century Music, 29(3): 211–239.
  • Coquard A. (1900) Berlioz: biographie critique. Librairie Renouard, H. Laurens, Paris, 132 p.
  • Coquard A. (1909) Berlioz (Les Musiciens Célèbres). H. Laurens, Paris, 136 p.
  • Dietrich A. (2014) The mythconception of the mad genius. Front. Psychol., 5: 79–82.
  • Fiori M.G., Fiori E.B. (1996) Hector Berlioz, medical student and composer, with a note on his medical teachers. J. Med. Biograph., 4(1): 23–27.
  • Gautier T. (1874) Hector Berlioz. Histoire du Romantisme. G. Charpentier et Cie, libraires-éditeurs, Paris, p. 259–270.
  • Hess A.G. (1971) Deviance theory and the history of opiates. Int. J. Add., 6(4): 585–598.
  • Hippeau E.G. (1883) Berlioz intime. La Renaissance musicale, Paris, 522 p.
  • Jullien А. (1888) Hector Berlioz, sa vie et ses oeuvres. Librairie de L’Art, Paris, 486 p.
  • Karenberg A. (2009) Retrospective diagnosis: use and abuse in medical historiography. Prague Med. Rep., 110: 140–145.
  • Legouvé E. (1886) Soixante ans de souvenirs. J. Hetzel, Paris, 326 p.
  • Mitchell P.D. (2011) Retrospective diagnosis and the use of historical texts for investigating disease in the past. Int. J. Paleopathol., 1(2): 81–88.
  • Muramoto O. (2014) Retrospective diagnosis of a famous historical figure: ontological, epistemic, and ethical considerations. Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine, 9(1): 1–15.
  • O’Neill D. (1989) Hector Berlioz, étudiant de médicine. J. Roy. Soc. Med., 82(9): 548–553.
  • Pohl R. (1884) Hektor Berlioz: Studien und Erinnerungen. B. Schlicke, Leipsig, 304 р.
  • Prod’homme J.G. (1905) Hector Berlioz, 1803–1869. C. Delagrave, Paris, 516 p.
  • Prod’homme J.G. (1946) Berlioz, Musset, and Thomas De Quincey. The Musical Quarterly, 32(1): 98–106.
  • Pucarin-Cvetković J., Zuskin E., Mustajbegovic J. et al. (2011) Known Symptoms and Diseases of a Number of Classical European Composers during 17th and 20th Century in Relation with their Artistic Musical Expressions. Col. Antropolog., 35(4): 1327–1331.
  • Raby P. (2003) Fair Ophelia: A Life of Harriet Smithson Berlioz. Cambridge University Press, New York, 144 p.
  • Reyer E. (1893) Hector Berlioz: Biographical Notes and Personal Reminiscences. Cent. Illustr. Month. Mag., p. 1893–1894.
  • Rushton J., Rodgers S. (2010) Form, Program, and Metaphor in the Music of Berlioz. Nineteenth-Cent. Mus. Rev., 7(1): 39–63.
  • Sostar Z., Vodanovic M., Breitenfeld D. et al. (2009) Composers-substance abusers. Alcohol. Psychiatr. Res., 45(2): 127–135.
  • Temperley N. (1971) The «Symphonie fantastique» and Its Program. Mus. Quart., 57(4): 593–608.
  • Tiersot J. (1904) Berlioz et la societe de son temps Hachette, Paris, 398 p.
  • Wolf P.L. (2005) The effects of diseases, drugs, and chemicals on the creativity and productivity of famous sculptors, classic painters, classic music composers, and authors. Arch. Pathol. Laborator. Med., 129: 1457–1464.
  • Wolf P.L. (2010) Hector Berlioz and other famous artists with opium abuse. Neurological Disorders in Famous Artists — Part 3. Karger Publishers, Basel, p. 84–91.