Some types of shock that require immediate medical attention

In emergency medical care, there are conditions that require immediate assistance. Failure to provide such assistance may result in death. These conditions include anaphylactic shock, angioedema, and other types of shock (hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive). The etiology and pathophysiology of such conditions have their own characteristics. Shock conditions are caused by inadequate blood circulation, which leads to impaired tissue perfusion and oxygenation. This, in turn, leads to organ dysfunction and damage (reversible or irreversible). In hypovolemic shock, there is a decrease in intravascular fluid volume; in cardiogenic shock, there is a decrease in cardiac output; in distributive shock, there is a loss of vasomotor tone, leading to inadequate vasodilation. Anaphylactic shock is a severe systemic immune-mediated allergic reaction accompanied by urticarial rash, respiratory distress, and vascular collapse. Angioedema is characterized by vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, leading to blistering and tissue swelling, especially in the nasopharynx, which often causes respiratory distress. The presence of symptoms of anaphylaxis (wheezing, respiratory failure, arterial hypotension) is an absolute indication for hospitalization. The diagnosis is made based on clinical data and family history (sometimes allowing one to suspect a genetic/familial) nature of the allergic reaction. In all these conditions, especially anaphylaxis and angioedema, urgent examination and immediate medical attention are required. The information in this lecture is based on literary sources and our own research. The aim of our work is to familiarize emergency medical service doctors, family doctors, and doctors of other specialties with shock conditions that require immediate medical attention. We have established that recovery from shock depends on the speed of tissue perfusion restoration, constant monitoring of adequate resuscitation measures, stabilization of blood pressure, reduction of tachycardia and acidosis, restoration of diuresis, and oxygenation. All patients in this condition must be hospitalized. With adequate treatment, such dangerous complications as myocardial ischemia, shock liver, DIC syndrome, neurological disorders, acute renal failure, etc. can be avoided.